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Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a psychotherapeutic approach grounded in science-based clinical research and practice (Hofmann et al. 2013). It is one of the most commonly used psychotherapeutic treatments of psychiatric disorders in adults (Leichsenring et al. 2006), is “the most actively researched system of psychotherapy over the past decade” (Prochaska and Norcross 2018, p. 257), and is widely used to develop psychotherapists in professional training programs (Dozois et al. 2019). CBT has been identified as an empirically supported therapy for most psychiatric disorders and many medical conditions with psychological components. In this chapter we review outcome research as applied to the major psychiatric disorders by focusing on meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Limitations and knowledge gaps within the current empirical literature are discussed, along with suggestions for future research and applications.
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