A survey of the use of seclusion and restraint during 1994 was conducted
at 124 state psychiatric hospitals to update data from a survey of 108 such
hospitals conducted for 1991. Rates of patients' placement in seclusion and
restraint, hours spent in placement, and discrete incidents of seclusion
and restraint were examined. The 1994 results were highly similar to those
for 1991. Smaller hospitals providing acute care had higher rates of
seclusion and restraint than their larger counterparts providing chronic
care. Small positive correlations were found between seclusion and
restraint and between the proportion of beds occupied by patients committed
as criminally insane and the use of restrictive procedures.
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