OBJECTIVE: Client outcomes for the first year of a three-year study were measured in two integrated service agencies (ISAs) for severely mentally ill persons to test the effectiveness of a model combining financing reform (consolidated funding and capitation) with an assertive continuous treatment team approach. METHODS: Clients referred to pilot ISAs at an urban and a rural site in California were randomly assigned to the ISA programs or to comparison groups receiving usual services. Objective data from clients' records as well as subjective information from interviews were compared. RESULTS: At both sites, demonstration clients' participation in the work force was significantly higher than that of the comparison groups. At the urban ISA, clients' participation in the work force rose from a baseline rate of 11 percent to 36 percent. Both ISAs decreased use of hospital care, particularly the rural ISA, which reduced admissions from a baseline rate of 40 percent to 21 percent in the study year. Both ISAs retained clients in treatment with significantly more success than did comparison programs, and urban ISA clients reported participating in more leisure and social activities than did clients in the comparison group. No differences were found at either site in rates of long-term hospitalization, arrest, or conviction or in measures of self-esteem, symptomatology, substance use, homelessness, or quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: After 12 months of a 36-month program, demonstration clients spent less time in hospitals, were more likely to have worked for pay, and were more likely to have remained in treatment.